Probiotics

Improves blood glucose control and insulin sensitivity, primarily in people with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes. 1, 2, 3

Improves digestive comfort by reducing bloating and gastrointestinal discomfort, with consistent effects across multiple strains. 5

Improves bowel movement frequency and consistency, particularly in people with constipation or irregular digestion. 4

Leads to small reductions in stress and anxiety, with effects varying by probiotic strain and individual response. 6

Leads to small improvements in mood, likely through gut–brain interactions, with modest and variable effects. 6

May slightly improve sleep quality, with small and inconsistent effects depending on strain and population. 7